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Coarctation of the aorta is a congenital cardiovascular disorder marked by a localised constriction of the aorta, usually situated near the ductus arteriosus. This anatomical narrowing makes it harder for blood to flow, which raises blood pressure near the narrowing and lowers perfusion farther away. It is frequently diagnosed in infancy, youth, or occasionally age, contingent upon severity.

Clinically, patients may exhibit hypertension in the upper extremities, attenuated or delayed femoral pulses, and a disparity in blood pressure between the arms and legs. In severe neonatal cases, signs like heart failure, poor eating, and trouble breathing might show up quickly after birth. If not treated, long-term problems can include left ventricular hypertrophy, aortic rupture, stroke, and early coronary artery disease.

Imaging techniques like echocardiography (an ultrasound of the heart), CT angiography (a type of X-ray that visualises blood vessels), or MRI (magnetic resonance imaging, which uses magnetic fields to create detailed images of organs) are often used to confirm a diagnosis. Management techniques depend on the patient's age and the severity of the condition. These include surgical resection with end-to-end anastomosis, balloon angioplasty, or stent insertion. Early detection and prompt treatments markedly enhance prognosis and diminish morbidity linked to this illness.