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Transposition of the Great Arteries (TGA) is a significant birth condition in the heart that switches the locations of the aorta and the pulmonary artery, which are the two main arteries that leave the heart. This strange configuration messes with the usual flow of blood. Blood that is low in oxygen returns from the body and is pumped back into systemic circulation without getting oxygen from the lungs. Blood that is high in oxygen from the lungs is then sent back to the lungs. Because of this, the body's tissues don't get enough oxygen, which causes cyanosis (a bluish skin colour) soon after birth.

TGA is frequently found immediately after birth because there is not enough oxygen. For survival, immediate medical help is needed. Short-term solutions like giving prostaglandins or doing balloon atrial septostomy help mix oxygen better. Surgical repair, most often the arterial switch procedure, is the only way to fully treat the condition. It should be done within the first few weeks of life.

The precise aetiology of TGA remains uncertain; however, genetic and environmental influences during gestation may play a role in its development, which can lead to complications if not addressed early. Many babies with TGA can live healthy lives if they are diagnosed quickly and receive sophisticated surgical therapy. However, they will need to see a cardiologist often to check their heart function.