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Renal Artery Stenosis (RAS) is a disorder in which one or both renal arteries, which bring blood to the kidneys, become narrower. This narrowing reduces blood flow, leading to decreased kidney function and activation of hormonal mechanisms that raise blood pressure. Atherosclerosis, which is when plaque builds up inside the arteries, is the most prevalent cause of RAS. It usually affects elderly individuals. Fibromuscular dysplasia is another less prevalent cause. It frequently happens in younger people, especially women.

When blood flow to the kidneys slows down, the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system kicks in. This can cause high blood pressure that is difficult to treat with drugs. If you don't get treatment for RAS, it might cause chronic renal disease or possibly kidney failure over time. Some symptoms are high blood pressure that doesn't go down, kidney function that gets worse, fluid retention, and, in severe cases, abrupt pulmonary oedema.

Imaging studies like Doppler ultrasound, CT angiography, or MR angiography are used to make a diagnosis. Treatment depends on how bad the condition is and may include changing your lifestyle, taking antihypertensive drugs, controlling your cholesterol, and, in certain circumstances, revascularizing treatments like angioplasty with or without stenting.

To avoid problems and keep the kidneys working, it is very important to find and treat them early.