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Chronic Venous Insufficiency (CVI) is a long-term vascular disorder that occurs when the valves in the leg veins fail to function properly. These valves normally prevent blood from flowing backward, ensuring smooth circulation toward the heart. When they weaken or become damaged, blood pools in the lower extremities, leading to increased venous pressure.

Common symptoms include swelling in the ankles and legs, aching or heaviness after prolonged standing, varicose veins, and skin discoloration. In severe cases, CVI can cause venous ulcers, which are slow-healing wounds that significantly impact quality of life. Risk factors include age, obesity, pregnancy, prolonged sitting or standing, and a family history of vein problems.

Management of CVI focuses on improving circulation and reducing discomfort. Lifestyle changes such as regular exercise, weight control, and elevating the legs can help. Compression stockings are often recommended to support vein function and reduce swelling. In more advanced cases, medical procedures like sclerotherapy, endovenous laser treatment, or vein surgery may be necessary.

Although CVI is not life-threatening, it can be progressive if left untreated. Early recognition and consistent management are key to preventing complications and maintaining mobility and comfort.