Pulmonary Fibrosis

Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a serious interstitial lung disease characterized by scarring and thickening of lung tissue, particularly around the alveoli. This scarring reduces lung elasticity, making it difficult for oxygen to pass into the bloodstream. Over time, patients experience worsening shortness of breath, persistent dry cough, fatigue, and unintended weight loss. In advanced stages, complications such as pulmonary hypertension, respiratory failure, and right-sided heart failure may occur.

The causes of PF vary widely. It may result from long-term exposure to environmental toxins like asbestos or silica, autoimmune conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis or lupus, or side effects of certain medications and radiation therapy. However, many cases are idiopathic, meaning no clear cause is identified. Risk factors include smoking, genetic predisposition, and older age.

Although lung damage from PF cannot be reversed, treatments aim to slow progression and ease symptoms. Antifibrotic medications such as nintedanib and pirfenidone can help preserve lung function. Oxygen therapy, pulmonary rehabilitation, and lifestyle adjustments improve daily living. In severe cases, lung transplantation may be considered. Early diagnosis and proactive management are crucial to maintaining quality of life for those affected.