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Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) kidneys play a vital role in filtering waste, balancing electrolytes, regulating blood pressure, and producing hormones that support red blood cell formation and bone health. CKD often develops silently, with few or no symptoms in the early stages. As the disease progresses, individuals may experience fatigue, swelling in the legs or ankles, nausea, loss of appetite, and changes in urination patterns.

The most common causes of CKD are diabetes and high blood pressure, though genetic factors, autoimmune diseases, infections, and prolonged use of certain medications can also contribute. CKD is classified into five stages based on the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), ranging from mild kidney damage to complete kidney failure.

While kidney damage is usually irreversible, early diagnosis and lifestyle changes can slow progression. Treatment focuses on controlling underlying conditions, managing blood pressure, reducing protein intake, and avoiding harmful medications. In advanced stages, dialysis or kidney transplantation may be required. Preventive measures such as regular health checkups, maintaining a healthy weight, staying active, and avoiding smoking are essential to reduce the risk of CKD.