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Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a functional gastrointestinal disorder that affects the large intestine, leading to recurring abdominal discomfort, bloating, and irregular bowel movements. Unlike structural diseases, IBS does not cause visible damage to the digestive tract, but it significantly impacts quality of life. Symptoms vary widely among individuals, ranging from constipation-predominant IBS to diarrhea-predominant IBS, or a mixed pattern of both.

The exact cause of IBS remains unclear, but researchers believe it results from a combination of factors, including abnormal gut motility, heightened sensitivity of intestinal nerves, imbalances in gut microbiota, and psychological stress. Triggers often include certain foods, hormonal changes, and emotional stress, making IBS a complex condition to manage.

Diagnosis typically involves ruling out other gastrointestinal disorders, as there is no single test for IBS. Management focuses on lifestyle adjustments, such as dietary modifications, stress reduction, and regular exercise. Some patients benefit from low FODMAP diets, which reduce fermentable carbohydrates that can worsen symptoms.