Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)

Coronary Artery Disease(CAD) is one of the most common cardiovascular disorders worldwide. It occurs when the coronary arteries, responsible for supplying oxygen-rich blood to the heart, become narrowed or blocked due to plaque buildup. This plaque consists of cholesterol, fatty deposits, and other substances that gradually harden, restricting blood flow. As circulation decreases, the heart muscle receives less oxygen, which can trigger chest pain (angina), shortness of breath, or even heart attacks.

Several risk factors contribute to CAD, including high blood pressure, diabetes, smoking, obesity, and a sedentary lifestyle. Genetic predisposition also plays a significant role. The condition often develops silently over the years, making early detection crucial. Diagnostic methods such as electrocardiograms, stress tests, and angiography help identify the severity of blockage.

Managing CAD involves lifestyle modifications like adopting a heart-healthy diet, regular exercise, and quitting smoking. Medical treatments may include cholesterol-lowering drugs, blood thinners, or procedures such as angioplasty and bypass surgery to restore blood flow. Preventive care remains the most effective strategy, emphasizing routine health check-ups and risk factor control. With timely intervention and healthy living, individuals can significantly reduce complications and improve the quality of life despite CAD.