High Blood Pressure (hypertension)

Hypertension occurs when blood pushes too forcefully against artery walls, typically above 130/80 mmHg, forcing the heart to work harder over time. Often symptomless, it's dubbed the "silent killer" as it damages vessels unnoticed, affecting all ages but rising with age.

Causes and Risks

Key triggers include poor diet high in salt, inactivity, obesity, smoking, excess alcohol, stress, genetics, and conditions like kidney disease or diabetes. Without control, it leads to atherosclerosis, heart failure, stroke, vision loss, and dementia.

Management Tips

Adopt a DASH diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and low-fat dairy; exercise 150 minutes weekly; limit sodium to under 2,300 mg daily. Regular monitoring and medications like ACE inhibitors help sustain healthy levels below 120/80 mmHg.