Musculoskeletal Disorders (Asthi & Sandhi Roga)

In Ayurveda, Asthi & Sandhi Roga refers to disorders affecting bones (Asthi), joints (Sandhi), and supporting structures like ligaments and muscles. These conditions primarily arise due to the aggravation of Vata dosha, which governs movement and structural integrity in the body. When Vata becomes imbalanced, it leads to degeneration, dryness, and weakness of bones and joints, resulting in pain and restricted mobility.

Common conditions under this category include Sandhivata (osteoarthritis), Amavata (rheumatoid arthritis), and Asthi Kshaya (bone loss). The root causes often involve improper diet, ageing, excessive physical strain, sedentary lifestyle, poor digestion (Agni Mandya), and accumulation of toxins (Ama), which lodge in the joints and trigger inflammation and stiffness.

Symptoms typically include joint pain, swelling, stiffness, crepitus (joint cracking sounds), reduced flexibility, and muscle weakness. In chronic cases, deformity and limited movement may occur.

Ayurvedic management focuses on balancing Vata and eliminating Ama through Shodhana therapies like Basti (medicated enema) and Virechana. Shamana treatments include herbal formulations using Ashwagandha, Guggulu, Shallaki, and Dashmool. External therapies like Abhyanga (oil massage), Swedana (fomentation), and Panchakarma play a significant role. A nourishing diet rich in calcium and regular gentle exercise help maintain joint health and mobility.