Circumcision

Circumcision is the surgical removal of the foreskin covering the glans penis, a procedure performed for medical, cultural, or religious reasons.

Procedure Overview

It typically involves local anesthesia, retraction of the foreskin, and excision using devices like Gomco clamp, Plastibell, or Mogen clamp, followed by hemostasis. Newborns heal in about a week; adults take 4-6 weeks with possible sutures.

Indications

Medical reasons include phimosis, recurrent balanitis, paraphimosis, or urinary tract infection prevention. Culturally, it's common in Jewish, Muslim, and some African traditions; evidence suggests reduced HIV/STI risk in certain regions.

Risks and Complications

Bleeding, infection, or adhesions occur in <1-2% of cases; rare issues include meatal stenosis or excessive skin removal. Pain is minimized with anesthesia; informed consent emphasizes elective nature.

Recovery

Post-op care involves petroleum jelly, gentle cleaning, and avoiding baths/strenuous activity for days. Complications warrant prompt medical attention.