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Testicular torsion is a surgical emergency that happens when the spermatic cord twists and cuts off blood flow to the testis. It happens most often to teenagers and young men, but it can happen to anyone. The condition usually starts with sudden, intense pain in the scrotum, swelling, nausea, vomiting, and soreness. The afflicted testis could look like it is raised and in the wrong place. To avoid chronic injury to the testicles, a quick diagnosis and surgery are necessary.
Emergency surgery to explore and untwist the knotted spermatic cord is the main treatment. This restores blood flow. During surgery, the testis's ability to live is checked. If the testis is healthy, orchidopexy is done to keep it in place and stop it from happening again. The other testis is likewise protected as a precaution, since the risk is commonly bilateral. If the blood supply has been cut off for too long, orchiectomy (removal of the testis) may be needed.
The best chance of saving the testicle is to get help within six hours. If you wait too long to get treatment, you are more likely to become infertile, get an infection, or have hormonal problems. Quick diagnosis and surgery are very important for keeping testicular function and avoiding long-term problems.