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Splenic rupture is a serious medical condition involving a tear or break in the spleen, usually caused by blunt abdominal trauma such as road traffic accidents, falls, or sports injuries. The spleen is a highly vascular organ located in the upper left abdomen, and its rupture can lead to significant internal bleeding, making it a life-threatening emergency. In some cases, splenic rupture may also occur due to infections, enlarged spleen (splenomegaly), or underlying medical conditions.

Common symptoms include severe pain in the upper left abdomen, pain radiating to the left shoulder (Kehr’s sign), abdominal tenderness, dizziness, weakness, and signs of shock such as low blood pressure and rapid pulse. Diagnosis is typically confirmed through physical examination, ultrasound, and CT scan, which help assess the extent of injury and internal bleeding.

Treatment depends on the severity of the rupture. Minor injuries may be managed conservatively with close monitoring and bed rest, while severe cases with active bleeding require emergency surgery. Surgical options include splenic repair or splenectomy (removal of the spleen). Prompt diagnosis and treatment are essential to prevent complications and ensure patient survival.