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A breast abscess is a localized collection of pus within the breast tissue, most commonly occurring as a complication of mastitis during lactation. It typically affects breastfeeding women, particularly within the first few weeks postpartum, due to milk stasis and bacterial entry through cracked nipples. The most frequently implicated organism is Staphylococcus aureus. Non-lactational breast abscesses may occur in smokers, diabetic patients, or those with ductal abnormalities.

Clinically, patients present with severe breast pain, swelling, redness, warmth, and a fluctuant tender mass. Fever and systemic symptoms such as malaise may accompany the local findings. Diagnosis is primarily clinical, supported by ultrasonography to confirm fluid collection and guide drainage procedures.

Management involves prompt antibiotic therapy targeting common pathogens, along with drainage of the abscess either by needle aspiration under ultrasound guidance or by incision and drainage in larger collections. Continued breastfeeding or milk expression is encouraged in lactational cases to prevent further milk stasis. Delay in treatment may lead to complications such as fistula formation or chronic infection.

With early intervention, prognosis is favorable. Proper breastfeeding techniques, nipple care, and timely management of mastitis significantly reduce the risk of abscess formation.