Fibroadenoma

Fibroadenoma is a common benign breast tumor typically seen in adolescents and young women between 15 and 35 years of age. It arises from the glandular and fibrous connective tissue of the breast and is hormonally responsive, often enlarging during pregnancy or with estrogen therapy. Clinically, it presents as a well-defined, firm, rubbery, and mobile lump that is usually painless. Because of its smooth surface and mobility, it is often described as a “breast mouse.”

Diagnosis is based on clinical breast examination, ultrasonography, and sometimes mammography in older women. A core needle biopsy may be performed to confirm the benign nature of the lesion, especially if imaging features are atypical. Most fibroadenomas are simple and carry minimal risk of malignancy, while complex fibroadenomas may require closer follow-up.

Management depends on size, symptoms, and patient preference. Small, asymptomatic lesions can be monitored with periodic imaging. Surgical excision or minimally invasive procedures such as vacuum-assisted removal are considered for large, growing, or symptomatic masses. Overall prognosis is excellent, and malignant transformation is rare. Regular breast self-examination and routine screening remain essential for early detection of any changes.