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Pancreatic disorders encompass a spectrum of conditions affecting the exocrine and endocrine functions of the pancreas. The most common inflammatory condition is Pancreatitis, which may present as acute or chronic disease. Acute pancreatitis is frequently associated with gallstones and alcohol use, leading to enzymatic autodigestion, severe epigastric pain, and systemic inflammatory response. Chronic pancreatitis results in progressive fibrosis, pancreatic insufficiency, malabsorption, and diabetes mellitus.

Neoplastic conditions include Pancreatic Cancer, predominantly pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, known for late presentation and poor prognosis. Symptoms often include painless jaundice, weight loss, and back pain. Early detection remains challenging due to retroperitoneal anatomical location and nonspecific clinical features.

Functional disorders such as pancreatic exocrine insufficiency impair digestion, particularly fat absorption, causing steatorrhea and nutritional deficiencies. Endocrine dysfunction may manifest as diabetes due to islet cell damage.
Diagnosis involves serum amylase and lipase estimation, contrast-enhanced CT imaging, MRI, and endoscopic ultrasound. Management strategies depend on etiology and severity, ranging from supportive care and enzyme supplementation to endoscopic interventions and oncologic surgery. A multidisciplinary approach is essential to optimize outcomes and reduce complications.