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Gallbladder cancer is a very aggressive tumour originating from the epithelial lining of the gallbladder; it predominantly manifests as adenocarcinoma. It is quite likely to happen with chronic gallstone disease, long-term inflammation, porcelain gallbladder, gallbladder polyps greater than 1 cm, and some infections. The disease frequently remains asymptomatic in the initial stages due to the anatomical positioning of the gallbladder and nonspecific symptoms.

Patients usually show up late with pain in the right upper quadrant that doesn't go away, unexplained weight loss, loss of appetite, jaundice, or a lump in the abdomen that may be felt. Advanced disease may affect the liver, bile ducts, or lymph nodes in the area. In cases of biliary obstruction, laboratory results may show high bilirubin levels and liver function tests that are not normal.

Ultrasonography is the first test used to make a diagnosis. A contrast-enhanced CT scan or MRI gives information on the stage of the disease and how far it has spread. Tumour markers like CA 19-9 may help, although they are not definitive.

Radical cholecystectomy, which includes liver resection and lymphadenectomy, may be used to treat early-stage illness. In advanced situations, chemotherapy or bile drainage treatments are often needed to make things better. The prognosis depends on the stage of the tumor's diagnosis. Finding it early can greatly improve the chances of survival.