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Gastric Outlet Obstruction (GOO) is a medical condition characterised by the obstruction of the pylorus or proximal duodenum, which impeds gastric emptying. It may come from either benign or malignant sources. Chronic peptic ulcer disease resulting in cicatricial scarring and oedema is a prevalent benign aetiology. Malignant causes may include gastric carcinoma, pancreatic head cancer, or periampullary tumours.

Obstruction causes the stomach to slowly expand, an imbalance of electrolytes, and metabolic alkalosis due to vomiting and losing hydrochloric acid. Patients typically exhibit early satiety, postprandial fullness, projectile vomiting of undigested food, weight loss, dehydration, and observable gastric peristalsis in more severe stages.

Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, contrast-enhanced imaging, and laboratory tests of fluid and electrolyte levels can assist in confirming the diagnosis. It depends on what caused it and how to address it. Nasogastric decompression, intravenous fluid resuscitation, and addressing any metabolic abnormalities are the first stages in treatment. Endoscopic balloon dilatation can be used to treat benign strictures, although surgery such as gastrojejunostomy or tumour removal may be necessary for malignant cases.

It is very crucial to discover the problem early and respond immediately to avoid major nutritional deficits, aspiration risk, and systemic disorders.