Giant Cell Lesions

These lesions show uniform giant cells with 20-100 nuclei amid mononuclear stromal cells, exhibiting moderate vascularity. Radiographically, they appear as radiolucent, unilocular or multilocular defects with cortical thinning or expansion. Aggressive variants cause pain, rapid growth, root resorption, and high recurrence post-curettage.?

Clinical Types

Central giant cell granuloma predominates in the mandible, linked to RASopathy syndromes like Noonan in multifocal cases. Peripheral forms arise on gingiva as reactive growths. Giant cell tumors of bone favor epiphyseal ends in mature skeletons.?

Diagnosis and Management

Histopathology confirms scattered giant cells without atypia, distinguishing from mimics like aneurysmal bone cysts. Treatment involves curettage for non-aggressive lesions; resection suits aggressive ones with soft tissue extension. Recurrence rates drop with adjunctive therapies like denosumab.