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Lip cancer is a malignant condition affecting the tissues of the lips, most commonly the lower lip. It is considered one of the more visible forms of oral cancer, which allows for earlier detection when individuals are attentive to persistent changes. The majority of lip cancers are squamous cell carcinomas arising from the epithelial lining of the lip. Prolonged exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from sunlight is a major risk factor, particularly among outdoor workers.

Additional risk factors include tobacco use, excessive alcohol consumption, chronic lip irritation, poor oral hygiene, and a weakened immune system. Fair-skinned individuals are at a higher risk due to increased sensitivity to UV radiation. Lip cancer often begins as a non-healing ulcer, scaly patch, lump, or crusted lesion on the lip that may bleed or cause discomfort. These lesions are frequently painless in early stages, leading to delayed medical attention.

If untreated, lip cancer can grow deeper into surrounding tissues and spread to nearby lymph nodes in the neck. Diagnosis involves clinical examination followed by biopsy to confirm malignancy. Treatment options depend on the stage and size of the tumor and may include surgical excision, radiotherapy, or a combination of therapies. Preventive measures such as sun protection, avoiding tobacco, and regular oral check-ups play a vital role in reducing risk and ensuring early detection.