Vulvovaginitis

Vulvovaginitis refers to inflammation of the vulva and vagina, affecting many women with symptoms like intense itching, abnormal discharge, burning during urination, odours, and pain during intercourse. Common causes include bacterial vaginosis (40-50% of cases), vulvovaginal candidiasis from Candida (20-25%), trichomoniasis (15-20%), and noninfectious factors such as allergies to soaps, douches, or spermicides; hormonal changes in menopause; or irritants like scented products. Risk factors encompass antibiotics, pregnancy, diabetes, and poor hygiene, disrupting the vaginal microbiome balance.?

Diagnosis involves a pelvic exam, vaginal pH testing, wet mount microscopy, and sometimes DNA probes or cultures to identify pathogens like Gardnerella or Candida species. Early evaluation prevents complications like recurrent infections. Treatment targets the cause: metronidazole or clindamycin for bacterial vaginosis, azole antifungals like fluconazole for yeast, and oral metronidazole for trichomoniasis, with partner treatment advised for STIs. Non-Infectious cases benefit from avoiding irritants, emollients, and low-dose vaginal oestrogen for atrophic types.?

Prevention emphasises cotton underwear, daily showers without douching, safe sex, and prompt symptom management. Regular gynaecologic visits aid long-term vaginal health. Consult a doctor for persistent issues to rule out underlying conditions.