Vulvar Cancer

Vulvar cancer is an uncommon malignancy that impacts the external female genitalia, particularly the vulva, encompassing the inner and outer labia, clitoris, and vaginal opening. It mostly happens to women over 65, although it can happen to anyone. The most prevalent kind is squamous cell carcinoma, which makes up around 90% of all cases. Other forms that are not as frequent are basal cell carcinoma, melanoma, and Paget's disease of the vulva. Persistent itching, changes in skin colour, lumps, blisters, or ulcers on the vulva are some of the first signs. Some of the risk factors are smoking, being infected with the human papillomavirus (HPV), and having long-term skin problems like lichen sclerosus.

To find out how far cancer has spread and how severe it is, doctors usually use a physical exam, a sample, and imaging. Surgery to remove the malignant tissue is the main treatment. Sometimes, radiation or chemotherapy is used together with surgery, depending on the stage. The prognosis differs by stage, with localised cancer exhibiting a superior survival rate. Regular follow-up is essential to catch any new cases early.