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Malignant tumours are aberrant cell growths that infect nearby tissues and spread to other organs through the blood or lymphatic system. They are not the same as benign tumours, which stay in one place and are less dangerous. When DNA in cells is broken, it causes cells to divide uncontrollably and avoid normal regulatory systems. This process is called malignancy. Carcinomas, sarcomas, lymphomas, and leukaemias are all common forms. Each one comes from a distinct sort of tissue or cell line. Depending on the organ involved, symptoms can include discomfort that won't go away, weight loss, exhaustion, or bleeding that doesn't have a clear cause. Screening, imaging, and biopsy can help find cancer early, which greatly enhances the chances of successful treatment.

Usually, treatments include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy. Doctors are now able to customise treatments according to each person's genetic profile, thanks to improvements in molecular diagnostics and precision oncology. This lowers side effects and raises survival rates. Avoiding tobacco, eating a good diet, exercising regularly, being vaccinated against viruses that cause cancer, and going to the doctor for regular checks are all ways to minimise your risk of getting cancer. Awareness and getting medical help quickly are still crucial for effectively treating malignant tumours.