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Endometriosis-associated infertility is when a woman has trouble getting pregnant because she has endometrial-like tissue outside of her uterus, usually on her ovaries, fallopian tubes, or pelvic structures. These aberrant implants can cause inflammation, adhesions, and deformed pelvic anatomy, which make it harder for eggs to be released, fertilised, and implanted in the uterus.

Women may endure pelvic pain, dysmenorrhea, or dyspareunia or may stay asymptomatic, discovering endometriosis solely during infertility assessment. Infertility arises from various reasons, including diminished ovarian reserve, compromised tubal function, modified immunological response, and a less receptive endometrial lining for embryo implantation.

To diagnose endometriosis, doctors look at the patient's medical history, undertake a pelvic exam, and sometimes do an ultrasound or laparoscopy to see the disease directly and stage it. Management is tailored according to age, disease severity, symptoms, and the length of infertility. For moderate to severe disease or when other approaches don't work, treatment options may include laparoscopic surgery to remove lesions and adhesions, controlled ovarian stimulation using intrauterine insemination, or in vitro fertilisation (IVF).
Referring someone to a fertility specialist at the right time helps boost the odds of getting pregnant by choosing the best treatment plan.