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Preterm labour occurs when regular contractions begin to open the cervix before 37 weeks of pregnancy. It is a major cause of early birth and can lead to health complications for the newborn. Several factors increase the risk of preterm labour, including multiple pregnancies, infections, chronic medical conditions, short intervals between pregnancies, and lifestyle factors such as smoking or excessive stress. However, in many cases, the exact cause remains unknown.

Common symptoms include frequent contractions, lower back pain, pelvic pressure, abdominal cramping, and changes in vaginal discharge. Early recognition is crucial, as prompt medical evaluation can help delay or prevent premature delivery. Diagnosis typically involves pelvic examination, ultrasound, and fetal monitoring to assess cervical changes and contractions.

Treatment depends on the stage and severity of labour. Doctors may prescribe medications to slow contractions, steroids to speed up fetal lung development, or antibiotics if an infection is suspected. In some cases, hospitalization and close monitoring are required to ensure the safety of mother and baby.

Preventive measures include maintaining a healthy lifestyle, managing chronic conditions, attending regular prenatal check-ups, and reporting any unusual symptoms promptly. Early intervention significantly improves outcomes for preterm babies.