Medical Services

Placenta previa is a pregnancy complication in which the placenta lies low in the uterus and partially or completely covers the cervix, the baby’s exit route during birth. This abnormal placental position can cause painless, bright red vaginal bleeding in the second half of pregnancy and is associated with risks such as severe hemorrhage, preterm birth, and the need for caesarean delivery.?

Risk factors include previous caesarean section or uterine surgery, multiple pregnancies, advanced maternal age, smoking, and a history of placenta previa. Diagnosis is usually made on ultrasound, and many low-lying placentas detected early in pregnancy “migrate” upward as the uterus expands, reducing the chance of persistent placenta previa by the third trimester.?

Management focuses on minimising bleeding and protecting mother and baby, often involving pelvic rest, activity modification, hospitalisation if bleeding is heavy, corticosteroids for fetal lung maturity, and planning an elective caesarean section if the placenta still covers or is too close to the cervix. Prompt medical attention is essential for any vaginal bleeding in later pregnancy to prevent life-threatening complications and ensure a safe delivery.?