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Low Libido, or Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder (HSDD), is characterized by a persistent decrease or absence of sexual thoughts, fantasies, and interest in sexual activity that leads to distress or strain in relationships. Unlike normal fluctuations in desire, HSDD is ongoing and cannot be explained solely by temporary stress, major illness, or substance use. Contributing factors include hormonal changes (such as menopause, low testosterone, thyroid imbalance), chronic medical conditions, mental health issues like depression or anxiety, certain medications, unresolved relationship conflicts, past sexual trauma, and body image concerns.

Individuals may notice reduced initiation of sex, lack of response to a partner’s advances, or loss of interest even during previously pleasurable intimacy. Diagnosis involves a detailed medical, psychological, and sexual history to identify reversible causes and to distinguish HSDD from other sexual dysfunctions. Treatment is usually multimodal and may include lifestyle modification, stress management, couples or sex therapy, counseling for mood disorders, medication review, and when indicated, hormone therapy or specific drugs approved for low sexual desire in selected patients. Early evaluation by a healthcare professional helps restore sexual well-being, improve intimacy, and enhance overall quality of life.