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Atrophic Vaginitis, or Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause (GSM), is a common problem for women after menopause since their oestrogen levels drop. Lower levels of oestrogen make the walls of the vagina thinner, drier, and less elastic. This condition can cause vaginal dryness, itching, burning, pain during sex, and infections of the urinary system that come back. Because the tissues around the bladder lose their natural moisture and support, many women also have more frequent and urgent urination and mild incontinence.

The illness often progresses slowly and can significantly impact a woman's sexual health, emotional well-being, and daily comfort. Atrophic vaginitis is most commonly linked to menopause, although it can also happen after birth, breastfeeding, or some medical treatments that lower oestrogen levels, like chemotherapy or surgery to remove the ovaries.

Diagnosis is often clinical, relying on symptoms and pelvic examination. The goal of treatment is to bring back moisture and make the tissues healthier. Local oestrogen treatment, vaginal moisturisers, and lubricants work quite well. Making changes to your lifestyle, like staying sexually active, avoiding things that irritate you, and drinking enough water, can also help keep your vagina healthy. Finding out about problems early and handling them correctly can help women feel better and more confident.