Cervicitis

Cervicitis is defined as inflammation of the cervix, the narrow neck of the uterus that connects to the vagina. This condition can be acute or chronic, triggered mainly by sexually transmitted infections (STIs) like chlamydia, gonorrhea, trichomoniasis, and herpes simplex virus. Noninfectious causes include allergic reactions to latex or spermicides, chemical irritants from feminine hygiene products, and even mechanical trauma from intrauterine devices or diaphragms.

Symptoms vary: many women remain asymptomatic, but others experience abnormal vaginal discharge (often pus-like), bleeding between periods or after intercourse, pelvic discomfort, painful urination, and pain during sex.?

Diagnosis depends on clinical examination, often supported by laboratory testing of cervical swabs to detect infectious organisms. Treatment is tailored to the underlying cause, typically involving antibiotics for bacterial infections and antiviral agents for herpes. It is important to treat sexual partners to prevent reinfection. Untreated cervicitis can progress to pelvic inflammatory disease and may impair fertility. Prevention strategies include practicing safe sex, routine STI screenings, and avoiding chemical or mechanical irritants. Early recognition and appropriate therapy help maintain reproductive health and prevent complications.