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Vaginitis refers to inflammation of the vaginal tissue resulting from infections, irritation, or hormonal changes. The most common causes include bacterial vaginosis, candidiasis, and trichomoniasis. Bacterial vaginosis occurs when the natural balance of vaginal bacteria is disrupted, leading to abnormal discharge with a fishy odor. Candidiasis, often called a yeast infection, is caused by overgrowth of Candida fungi, producing thick white discharge, itching, and redness. Trichomoniasis, a sexually transmitted infection caused by the parasite Trichomonas vaginalis, leads to yellow-green discharge, irritation, and discomfort during urination or intercourse.

Women of all ages can develop vaginitis, but factors such as antibiotic use, hormonal changes, poor hygiene, and unprotected sex increase the risk. Diagnosis is made through physical examination, pH testing, and laboratory analysis of vaginal secretions. Treatment depends on the cause—antibiotics for bacterial vaginosis, antifungal medications for yeast infections, and antiprotozoal drugs for trichomoniasis. Maintaining good hygiene, practicing safe sex, and avoiding irritants like douches or scented products help prevent recurrent infections. Early diagnosis and proper treatment are essential for restoring vaginal health and preventing complications such as pelvic infections or fertility issues.