Androgen Excess Disorders

Androgen Excess Disorders (AEDs) are conditions characterized by elevated levels of androgens (male sex hormones such as testosterone) in the body, primarily affecting women of reproductive age. These disorders commonly manifest with symptoms like hirsutism (excess body or facial hair), acne, androgenic alopecia (hair thinning), and irregular menstrual cycles. The most prevalent cause of androgen excess is polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), which affects about 10% of women and involves hormonal imbalances leading to ovulation dysfunction and metabolic issues. Other causes may include adrenal or ovarian tumors, congenital adrenal hyperplasia, and certain medications.

AEDs are frequently linked with insulin resistance and increased risks of metabolic complications like diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Diagnosis involves clinical examination, hormone level testing, and imaging to exclude tumors or other underlying conditions. Treatment focuses on managing symptoms and underlying causes, often using hormonal therapies like oral contraceptives or anti-androgens, alongside lifestyle changes to improve insulin sensitivity.