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Smouldering Multiple Myeloma (SMM) is a clinical stage that falls between monoclonal gammopathy of unknown significance (MGUS) and active multiple myeloma. It is marked by unusual plasma cell growth in the bone marrow and high amounts of monoclonal protein in the blood or urine, but there is no damage to the end organs that is common in symptomatic multiple myeloma. Patients with SMM typically do not exhibit symptoms such as bone pain, anaemia, renal impairment, or hypercalcaemia, resulting in the illness frequently being identified inadvertently during regular blood examinations.

There is a high risk of SMM turning into active multiple myeloma, especially in the first five years after diagnosis. Regular monitoring by blood tests, imaging, and bone marrow evaluations is crucial for the early detection of disease development. In most cases, treatment doesn't start until symptoms or damage to an organ show up. However, current trials are looking into ways to start treatment earlier in high-risk patients.

Patients need to manage their lifestyles, get assistance, and take part in follow-up programmes in order to keep their quality of life while they are being watched. Research advancements have made the identification of risk stratification indicators crucial for individualised monitoring and treatment decisions for individuals with Smouldering Multiple Myeloma.