Von Willebrand Disease (VWD)

Von Willebrand Disease (VWD) is a genetic bleeding disorder caused by a deficiency or dysfunction of von Willebrand factor (VWF), a crucial protein for blood clotting. VWF helps platelets stick to blood vessel injury sites, facilitating clot formation to stop bleeding. When VWF levels are low or the protein doesn’t function properly, clotting is impaired, leading to prolonged or excessive bleeding.

VWD is the most common inherited bleeding disorder, affecting about 1% of the population. It has three main types: Type 1 (most common, mild symptoms), Type 2 (qualitative defects in VWF), and Type 3 (rare, severe deficiency). Symptoms vary widely but often include frequent nosebleeds, easy bruising, prolonged bleeding from cuts, heavy menstrual bleeding, and bleeding after surgery or dental procedures. In severe cases, spontaneous bleeding into joints or muscles may occur. Diagnosis is by specialized blood tests measuring VWF levels and function.

Although there is no cure, treatments like desmopressin (to boost VWF release), clotting factor concentrates, and preventive measures enable many people with VWD to lead active lives. Management depends on the type and severity of the disease.