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Essential Thrombocythemia (ET) is a chronic myeloproliferative neoplasm in which the bone marrow produces too many platelets. Platelets are essential for blood clotting, but in ET, their abnormal rise can lead to both clotting and bleeding problems. The condition often develops slowly and may remain undetected until routine blood tests reveal elevated platelet counts.

Common symptoms include headaches, dizziness, vision disturbances, tingling in hands or feet, and an increased risk of deep vein thrombosis or stroke. Some patients may also experience nosebleeds, gum bleeding, or easy bruising. The exact cause of ET is not fully understood, but genetic mutations such as JAK2, CALR, or MPL are commonly associated with the disease.

Diagnosis typically involves blood tests, bone marrow examination, and genetic testing to rule out other related conditions. Treatment depends on the individual’s risk level and may include low-dose aspirin to reduce clotting risks, cytoreductive therapy to lower platelet counts, or lifestyle modifications to support overall vascular health.

Although ET is a chronic condition without a definitive cure, with regular monitoring and appropriate treatment, many patients live normal, long lives while managing the risks effectively.