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Plasma Cell Myeloma, also known as multiple myeloma, is a type of cancer that originates in plasma cells, which are a kind of white blood cell responsible for producing antibodies that fight infections. This malignancy leads to an overproduction of abnormal plasma cells in the bone marrow, disrupting normal blood cell production and causing a range of complications. The disease often progresses from a precursor condition called monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) to smoldering myeloma and then to active myeloma.

Symptoms of plasma cell myeloma include bone pain, anemia, kidney dysfunction, hypercalcemia (high calcium levels), and increased susceptibility to infections due to impaired immunity. The abnormal plasma cells produce excessive monoclonal immunoglobulins that can thicken the blood, damage organs, and cause bone lesions and fractures. Diagnosis typically involves blood and urine tests showing monoclonal protein spikes, bone marrow biopsy, and imaging studies detecting bone damage.

While plasma cell myeloma remains incurable, treatment advances have improved survival rates through chemotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, and stem cell transplant. The disease requires ongoing management due to its relapsing nature and potential complications, including kidney failure and bone damage.