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Lupus erythematosus is a chronic autoimmune disease that commonly affects the skin, causing distinctive dermatological manifestations such as the butterfly rash and photosensitivity. The classic butterfly rash, also called malar rash, presents as a red, raised discoloration over the cheeks and bridge of the nose, forming a shape similar to a butterfly’s wings. This rash typically spares the nasolabial folds and is often triggered or worsened by exposure to sunlight, highlighting the pronounced photosensitivity seen in lupus patients.

Photosensitivity in lupus refers to an exaggerated or abnormal skin response to ultraviolet (UV) light. This reaction can lead to rashes, increased disease activity, and flares that affect other organs. Approximately two-thirds of patients with lupus are sensitive to UV light, making sun protection essential. Management includes strict sun avoidance, regular use of high-SPF sunscreen, protective clothing, and prompt medical intervention during flares. Recognizing the butterfly rash and photosensitivity is crucial for early diagnosis and effective management, helping to reduce complications and improve quality of life for those with lupus erythematosus.