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Neurogenic bladder is a urinary dysfunction caused by a problem with the nerves that connect the bladder to the nervous system. This kind of condition can happen because of an injury, a disease, or a birth defect. This interruption makes it harder for the bladder to store and release pee, which can cause problems including urinary incontinence, frequent infections, or trouble emptying the bladder. Spinal cord injuries, strokes, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, diabetes, and nerve injury after pelvic surgery or other trauma are all possible causes. Patients may have either a flaccid bladder, which causes overflow and leakage (urinary retention), or a spastic bladder, which causes involuntary contractions and urgency, depending on which nerves are involved.

To make a diagnosis, doctors look closely at the person's urine symptoms, their neurological history, and their physical exam. They also do tests of bladder function, such as urodynamics or imaging studies. Treatment is customised to alleviate symptoms and may include lifestyle changes, drugs to control bladder function, intermittent catheterisation, or surgical procedures when required. Good treatment lowers the chances of problems, including urinary tract infections and kidney damage, and it also helps people keep control of their urine and improve their quality of life.