Pelvic Organ Prolapse (POP)

Pelvic Organ Prolapse (POP) occurs when weakened pelvic floor muscles and connective tissues fail to support the pelvic organs, causing them to sag or bulge into the vaginal canal. This condition commonly involves the bladder (cystocele), rectum (rectocele), or uterus (uterine prolapse). Women may experience symptoms such as a feeling of pressure, a bulge or lump in the vagina, urinary or bowel difficulties, and discomfort during sexual activity. POP severity ranges from mild, often symptom-free cases, to severe prolapse where organs can protrude outside the vagina.

Risk factors include childbirth, aging, menopause, heavy lifting, and chronic constipation. Diagnosis involves pelvic examination and staging of the prolapse. Management depends on symptom severity and patient preference and includes pelvic floor exercises, vaginal pessaries to support organs, and surgical repair for more severe cases. Treatment aims to relieve symptoms and improve quality of life but may not cure prolapse completely, as recurrence can occur.