Interstitial Cystitis

Interstitial cystitis (IC), also known as bladder pain syndrome (BPS), is a chronic condition characterized by bladder pressure, pain, and pelvic discomfort. The bladder walls become irritated and inflamed, causing symptoms like frequent urination of small amounts, urgency to urinate, and pain during bladder filling or sexual activity. The severity of symptoms varies among individuals and may fluctuate over time. IC mainly affects women and can significantly impact quality of life.

The exact cause of IC is unknown, but it may involve autoimmune reactions, bladder lining defects, allergies, or infections not detected by standard tests. Diagnosis is typically by exclusion of other urinary tract issues since infection is usually absent.

Two types exist: ulcerative (with visible bladder ulcers) and non-ulcerative (with inflammation but no ulcers).

Although no cure exists, treatment options include medications, bladder distention, lifestyle changes, physical therapy, and in some cases, surgery. These aim to relieve symptoms and improve bladder function and quality of life.