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Stress Urinary Incontinence (SUI) is the involuntary leakage of urine during activities that increase pressure on the bladder, such as coughing, sneezing, laughing, or physical exertion. It primarily occurs when the pelvic floor muscles and tissues that support the bladder and urethra weaken, causing the urethra to lose its ability to remain closed under pressure. This condition is most common in women, especially after childbirth, pregnancy, menopause, or pelvic surgery, but it can also affect men, particularly after prostate surgery.

Symptoms of SUI include urine leakage during everyday activities like lifting heavy objects, bending, or exercising. Risk factors include aging, obesity, smoking, chronic coughing, and nerve damage. The weakening of the urinary sphincter or damage to pelvic support structures leads to loss of control over urine flow during increased abdominal pressure.

Treatment for SUI ranges from conservative measures such as pelvic floor muscle exercises (Kegels), lifestyle changes, and bladder training, to surgical options like mid-urethral sling procedures for more severe cases. Proper diagnosis and treatment planning are essential to improve quality of life, as untreated SUI can lead to significant physical and psychological distress.