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Contact dermatitis is broadly classified into two types: irritant contact dermatitis and allergic contact dermatitis. Irritant contact dermatitis happens when a substance damages the skin’s outer layer, often due to chemicals, soaps, detergents, or prolonged water exposure. Allergic contact dermatitis, on the other hand, is an immune response triggered by allergens such as nickel, fragrances, latex, or certain plants like poison ivy.
Treatment involves avoiding the triggering substances, applying topical corticosteroids, and using moisturizers to repair the skin barrier. Preventive measures such as protective clothing and barrier creams are important for individuals at risk. With proper management, most cases of contact dermatitis can be controlled effectively without long-term complications.