Urethral Cancer

Urethral cancer is a rare malignancy affecting the urethra, more commonly seen in men but also present in women. This disease arises when abnormal cells develop and multiply uncontrollably within the urethral lining, forming a tumor that can obstruct urine flow and invade nearby tissues. The three main types include squamous cell carcinoma, transitional cell carcinoma, and adenocarcinoma, with squamous cell carcinoma being the most prevalent.

Early symptoms may be absent or mimic benign urinary conditions, but common signs as cancer progresses include blood in urine (hematuria), painful or weak urination, frequent urination, urinary incontinence, and a palpable lump in the urethra or groin. Diagnosis often involves cystoscopy, imaging studies (MRI, CT), and tissue biopsy to confirm malignancy and assess its spread. Treatment depends on cancer stage and location, commonly involving surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or a combination for advanced cases. Prognosis improves with early detection, underlining the importance of prompt investigation of urinary symptoms.