Hydronephrosis

Hydronephrosis is when one or both kidneys swell and get bigger because urine can't drain correctly to the bladder. This happens when something, like a kidney stone, a birth defect, an enlarged prostate, scar tissue, a tumour, or pregnancy, stops urine from flowing from the kidney, or when pee flows back from the bladder into the kidneys. The symptoms depend on how severe and how quickly the blockage is, but they might include discomfort in the lower back or abdomen, nausea, vomiting, frequent or painful urination.

Hydronephrosis can be asymptomatic, particularly when it progresses gradually. To find out what's wrong, doctors use a combination of medical histories, physical exams, blood and urine tests, and imaging tests like ultrasounds or CT scans. Quick treatment is essential and may include using medicine, surgery, or urine drainage to relieve the blockage. Early diagnosis and treatment are important to avoid significant problems.